EXPLANATION OF THE TECHNICAL TERMS

Here you will find the explanations of our frequently used technical terms in an alphabetical order.

A | B | C | D | F | G | H | I | J | K | M | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V

A

Definition

Explanation

Acceptance Criteria

The predetermined result of a specified test

Access security

A protective mechanism that ensures that only authorised persons have access to those functions in the system for which they were specifically approved.

Action limit

Action limit, if violated act in accordance with the correction plan

Adjustment

Correction of the error of measurement to the reference

Alarm limit

Action limit, if violated act in accordance with the correction plan

Application- specific software

A software program generated or adapted to meet the specific requirements of an application.

As built

Provision, i.e. cleanroom system fully connected and functional but without production facilities, without equipment and without staff.

At rest

Idle motion, i.e. complete cleanroom system with installed production facilities, as agreed between buyer and supplier, but without staff.

Audit

A systematic investigation to determine whether the defined processes, instructions, specifications, rules and standards as well as other applicable contractual or licensing requirements are suitable to reach the goals and whether these are in operation.

Automated process (Automatisierter Prozess)

A process in a production system, controlled by an automated system.

Automated system (Automatisiertes System)

A system that executes or monitors a specific sequence of activities, such as a production process, a laboratory task or a data processing order automatically and without human intervention.

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B

Definition

Explanation

Basis of Estimate

Narrative explaining all assumptions or clarifications made in developing the estimate.

Blow-Fill-Seal Technology

Technology in which the packaging is blown, filled and sealed within a minimum amount of space.

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C

Definition

Explanation

Calibration

Determination of a measuring discrepancy between the test medium and the reference

CG-Auslass

Appliance for the generation of a laminar displacement flow CG stands for Ciba-Geigy

Change Control

A formal procedure with the help of which qualified persons from the respective disciplines check suggested or performed changes that can impact the validated status of the system. The goal is the determination which measures need to be performed and documented to retain the validated status of the system.Note: This term is used in two situations:

  • during project processing (project change control)
  • during operation (on going change control)

Commissioning

(en: A well planned, documented, and managed engineering approach to the start-up and turnover of facilities, systems, and equipment to the End-User that results in a safe and functional environment that meets established design requirements and stakeholder expectations.)

Computerized system

A production or laborary system, the key components of which is a control system.

Control system qualification

The qualification of the control system and the organisational measures for the retention of the qualified condition of the control system.

Control system validation

Often used as a synonym for control system qualification

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D

Definition

Explanation

Danger Area

The area within and/or in the vicinity of a machine in which the safety or the health of a person is at risk by the person’s presence in this area.

Design Qualification (DQ)

Formal and systematic proof that the requirements developed at a specification stage are fully met at the subsequent specification or implementation stage.

Design specification

->Hardware design specification <br/> ->Software design specification

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F

Definition

Explanation

Functional specification (FS)

Specification that defines the functions to be provided by a system or system component. The system is tested against this specification.It is defined, in the specifications, HOW and WITH WHAT the requirements are to be realised.

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G

Definition

Explanation

Good Engineering Practice (GEP)

A standards based, formal and documented approach in development, which ensures that the results of technical planning do not depend on the mode of operation of individuals but on the result of a planned process for the generation of high-quality planning documentation.

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H

Definition

Explanation

Hardware design specification (HDS)

Description of the hardware on which the software runs and how it is linked to other system or operating components.

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I

Definition

Explanation

Installation Qualification (IQ)

Formal and systematic proof that all relevant aspects of system installation (hardware and software) correspond with the agreed rules, are in compliance with the approved execution documents and take into account the suppliers’ recommendations.

Integrity Test (of filters)

Procedure to ensure the necessary air quality (no leakages) in the aseptic working areas.

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M

Definition

Explanation

Machine

A total of associated parts or appliances of which at least one is movable and, if necessary, of operating devices, control and energy circuits etc., that have been assembled for a specific application such as the processing, treatment and transport of a material.

Master Validation Plan

Is used in two different senses:

  • Describes the basic requirements and conditions for the qualification of the automated production system for a project.
  • Describes the corporate validation philosophy.

 

Modulaire

Autonomous laminar flow module

Modus

The operating mode the operator selected via an input unit.

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O

Definition

Explanation

Operating environment

All conditions and activities that impact the observed system either directly or indirectly.

Operating staff

The person(s) responsible for the installation, operation, preparation, service, cleaning, trouble shooting and transport of a machine.

Operational

Production, i.e. cleanroom system running in the agreed mode of operation with the scheduled number of staff.

Operational Qualification (OQ)

Formal and systematic proof that a system or subsystem executes the function for which it was created, namely within the context of the scheduled operating areas.

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P

Definition

Explanation

Performance Qualification (PQ)

Formal and systematic proof that the entire automated system corresponds with the requirements in the context of the scheduled operating areas and integrated production areas.

Person at Risk

A person who is fully or partially in a hazard zone.

Prospective validation

Formal and systematic proof that the entire automated system corresponds with the requirements in the context of the scheduled operating areas and integrated production areas.

Protocols for IQ, OQ and PQ

The details of the execution of the Installation Qualification (IQ), the Operational Qualification (OQ) and the Performance Qualification (PQ) must already be determined in the left branch of the V model. In particular, it must be described which tests must be performed under which basic conditions and which results are anticipated so that the test is considered passed. The operator can also delegate the compilation of specifications for IQ and OQ to the supplier of the control system, following agreement.

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Q

Definition

Explanation

Qualification

Formal und systematic proof that the premises and equipment (including production systems and control system) are suitable for the scheduled tasks. The qualification is split by:

  • Design Qualification (DQ)
  • Installation Qualification (IQ)
  • Operational Qualification (OQ)
  • Micro Biological Qualification (MBQ)
  • Performance Qualification (PQ) -> Client

 

Quality plan

In the Qualitiy-plan the specific modes of operation and aids as well as the sequence of activities are presented with regard to an individual project. This document defines:

  • Project organisation
  • Actvities to be performed
  • Responsibilities and time schedule
  • Project results to be delivered

The quality project plan is an agreement document and is to be approved by both the supplier and the customer.

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R

Definition

Explanation

Recovery-Test

Determination of the recovery time of a cleanroom zone. Time interval within which the particle concentration droops to 1% of the initial value.

Requalifizierung

Partial or complete repetition of the activities defined during qualification, in the context of the designated service

Requirement specification

The specifications define WHICH task is to be solved and WHY

Retrospective Validation

Formal and systematic proof that a system behaves as expected, based on the analysis of its historic data.

Revalidation

Repetition of the entire validation or a part thereof.

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S

Definition

Explanation

Safety Class

Definition of the protection class with regard to personal, product protection and cross-contamination using the “KI-Discus-Verfahren”

Scanning

Scanning of the filter surface with a particle counter probe

SCS=Swiss Calibration Service

I.e. test values are restored to the national standard

Software design specification (SDS)

Description of the software components and subsystems that form part of the product. With regard to smaller systems, the software design specification should contain sufficient information to generate code from it. For larger systems, an additional software module design specification should be generated for every software subsystem that contains sufficient information to enable the coding of the subsystem.

Standard operating procedure (SOP)

Instruction which describes how something is to be executed. SOPs regulate the operation and the service of procedures. Compliance with the SOPs thus also serves the maintenance of requirements.

Status

The status defines the condition or phase of a process room. It can be either “Contaminated” or “Decontaminated”.

Structural test (White Box Test)

Software test that the software developer or programmer performs with the knowledge of the actual program structure. The program sequence (source code) is tested; in so doing, each program path must be run through at least once and every instruction must be performed at least once. No part of the program may remain untested.

Supplier

The company or group within a company that is responsible for the development, production and supply of a (part of the) system. The supplier can be:

  • the producer
  • the creator
  • the consultant

 

System Overview

A high-level process narrative including system boundaries based on operational/functional requirements.

System security

The protection of hardware and software against accidental or malicious abuse, change, destruction or disclosure of company secrets.

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T

Definition

Explanation

Target level

Target value, no measure required if it is not exceeded. There are the following levels:
A. Physical security
B. Logical security

Testing

Process by which adjustments to, and regulations of, individual systems are demonstrated as within the required tolerances, system components are demonstrated as delivering the required capacity or duty, the functions of the system are demonstrated as delivering the required capacity of duty, the functions of the system are demonstrated to be as specified and appropriate.

Turnover Strategy

(A plan for „hand-over“ of „transfer of responsibility“ of the project.)

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U

Definition

Explanation

User

The company or group within a company that is responsible for the operation of a system.

User Requirements Specification (URS)

A description of the requirements of the product to be manufactured, required throughout and conditions in which the product should be made.

User software

See “Application-based software”

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V

Definition

Explanation

Validation

Formal and systematic proof that a process is highly likely to generate a product that meets specifications and quality requirements permanently

Validation Master Plan (VPM)

VMP – a high level document, which establishes an umbrella validation plan for the entire project and is used as guidance to the project team for resource and technical planning.

Validation protocol

A prospective execution plan, the processing of which is to provide the formal and systematic proof that the system is qualified.

Vendor / Contractor Audit

An evaluation of the supplier’s ability to deliver a quality product/service.

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